(C). What is meant by describing a Coast Station with the acronym ATOR the station's ARQ operations are computerized and a rigid operating sequence must be followed correctly.

ATOR is the Automated Telex Over the Radio.
TOR part of ATOR is the telex-on-radio. It has error-corrected retransmitting time-division multiplexing of radio channels, or ARQ. The ARQ or Automatic Repeat Request was designed to control errors in transmission of data, using either acknowledgement or negative acknowledgement and request for retransmission.

Good article about TELEX from Wikipedia TELEX and article on ARQ Automatic Repeat ReQuest

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(D). SART does not use ARQ or FEC modes.
(error correction)

A self-contained radio device, Search And Rescue radar Transponders (SARTs) are used by the GMDSS for locating ships in distress and survival crafts by sending position information.

Since, it simply sends info, there is no need for either error retransmission request or forward error correction as it sends and does not receive or communicates otherwise.

Battery powered, it is an omni–directional radar receiver and transmitter. It works in the 9 GHz (3 cm or ‘X-band’) radar frequency band. It is activated automatically or manually. on receiving a signal from a ship or aircraft radar, transmits a series of response (homing) signals.

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(A). The term FEC mean in SITOR (NBDP) communications means Forward Error Correction.

Forward error correction (FEC) provides error control in data transmission in which the sender transmits additional data and the receiver identifies just the data with no errors. As there is no handshaking involved, it just broadcasts data.

A good Wikipedia article on Error Correction Forward Error Correction

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