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Subelement 7

Feedlines - Matching and Antennas

Section 7-07

ground and elevation effects, vertical radiation (take off) angle

For a 3-element Yagi antenna with horizontally mounted elements, how does the main lobe takeoff angle vary with height above flat ground?

  • Correct Answer
    It decreases with increasing height
  • It increases with increasing height
  • It does not vary with height
  • It depends on E-region height, not antenna height
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Most simple horizontally polarized antennas do not exhibit any directivity unless they are:

  • an eighth of a wavelength above the ground
  • a quarter wavelength above the ground
  • Correct Answer
    a half wavelength or more above the ground
  • three-eighths of a wavelength above the ground
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The plane from which ground reflections can be considered to take place, or the effective ground plane for an antenna is:

  • as much as 6 cm below ground depending upon soil conditions
  • Correct Answer
    several centimeters to as much as 2 meters below ground, depending upon soil conditions
  • as much as a meter above ground
  • at ground level exactly
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Why is a ground-mounted vertical quarter-wave antenna in reasonably open surroundings better for long distance contacts than a half-wave dipole at a quarter wavelength above ground?

  • The radiation resistance is lower
  • Correct Answer
    The vertical radiation angle is lower
  • It has an omnidirectional characteristic
  • It uses vertical polarization
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When a half-wave dipole antenna is installed one-half wavelength above ground, the:

  • radiation pattern changes to produce side lobes at 15 and 50 degrees
  • side lobe radiation is cancelled
  • radiation pattern is unaffected
  • Correct Answer
    vertical or upward radiation is cancelled
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How does antenna height affect the horizontal (azimuthal) radiation pattern of a horizontal dipole HF antenna?

  • Antenna height has no effect on the pattern
  • Correct Answer
    If the antenna is less than one-half wavelength high, reflected radio waves from the ground significantly distort the pattern
  • If the antenna is less than one-half wavelength high, radiation off the ends of the wire is eliminated
  • If the antenna is too high, the pattern becomes unpredictable
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For long distance propagation, the vertical radiation angle of the energy from the antenna should be:

  • more than 45 degrees but less than 90 degrees
  • Correct Answer
    less than 30 degrees
  • 90 degrees
  • more than 30 degrees but less than 45 degrees
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Greater distance can be covered with multiple-hop transmissions by decreasing the:

  • power applied to the antenna
  • Correct Answer
    vertical radiation angle of the antenna
  • main height of the antenna
  • length of the antenna
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The impedance at the centre of a dipole antenna more than 3 wavelengths above ground would be nearest to:

  • Correct Answer
    75 ohms
  • 25 ohms
  • 300 ohms
  • 600 ohms
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What is the main reason why so many VHF base and mobile antennas are 5/8 of a wavelength?

  • The angle of radiation is high giving excellent local coverage
  • Correct Answer
    Most of the energy is radiated at a low angle
  • It's easy to match the antenna to the transmitter
  • It's a convenient length on VHF
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The most important consideration when deciding upon an antenna for contacting stations at great distances (DX) is:

  • Correct Answer
    vertical angle of radiation
  • sunspot activity
  • impedance
  • bandwidth
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