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Subelement 7

Radio Wave Propagation

Section 7-03

propagation hops, skip zone, skip distance

What is a skip zone?

  • An area which is too far away for ground-wave or sky-wave propagation
  • An area covered by sky-wave propagation
  • Correct Answer
    An area which is too far away for ground-wave propagation, but too close for sky-wave propagation
  • An area covered by ground- wave propagation
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What is the maximum distance along the earth's surface that is normally covered in one hop using the F2 region?

  • None; the F2 region does not support radio-wave propagation
  • 2160 km (1200 miles)
  • Correct Answer
    4500km (2500 miles)
  • 325 km (180 miles)
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What is the maximum distance along the earth's surface that is normally covered in one hop using the E region?

  • Correct Answer
    2160 km (1200 miles)
  • 325 km (180 miles)
  • 4500 km (2500 miles)
  • None; the E region does not support radio-wave propagation
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Skip zone is:

  • a zone of silence caused by lost sky waves
  • a zone between any two refracted waves
  • Correct Answer
    a zone between the end of the ground wave and the point where the first refracted wave returns to earth
  • a zone between the antenna and the return of the first refracted wave
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The distance to Europe from your location is approximately 5000 km. What sort of propagation is the most likely to be involved?

  • sporadic "E"
  • back scatter
  • Correct Answer
    multihop
  • tropospheric scatter
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For radio signals, the skip distance is determined by the:

  • power fed to the final
  • angle of radiation
  • type of transmitting antenna used
  • Correct Answer
    height of the ionosphere and the angle of radiation
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The distance from the transmitter to the nearest point where the sky wave returns to the earth is called the:

  • skip zone
  • angle of radiation
  • Correct Answer
    skip distance
  • maximum usable frequency
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Skip distance is the:

  • Correct Answer
    the minimum distance reached by a signal after one reflection by the ionosphere
  • the maximum distance reached by a signal after one reflection by the ionosphere
  • the minimum distance reached by a ground-wave signal
  • the maximum distance a signal will travel by both a ground wave and reflected wave
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Skip distance is a term associated with signals from the ionosphere. Skip effects are due to:

  • Correct Answer
    reflection and refraction from the ionosphere
  • selective fading of local signals
  • high gain antennas being used
  • local cloud cover
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The skip distance of a sky wave will be greatest when the:

  • polarization is vertical
  • ionosphere is most densely ionized
  • Correct Answer
    angle between ground and radiation is smallest
  • signal given out is strongest
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If the height of the reflecting layer of the ionosphere increases, the skip distance of a high frequency (HF) transmission:

  • stays the same
  • varies regularly
  • Correct Answer
    becomes greater
  • decreases
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